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A. H. GROOKFORD. STBAL BL RATOR.

N07. 282,172. atented July '31, 18183.

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I the bottom by pipes d Y 'UN- TED STATES, PATENT OFFIcE.

ALFRED H. GROGKFORD, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming m of Letters PatentNo, 282,172, dated July 31, 1883. I Application filed February 19,1883. (Nfo mode-1.)

pipes in which the steam is generated may be placed directly over the fir'e r, Fig. 1, and having a very smallheating -surface, compared with the boiler, great economy in fuel is thereby assured, and the pipes being coiled several times, as'in Fig. 2, the capacity of the boiler is greatly increased.

One of the most important objects attained by my invention, and which is of the greatest utility, is the increase in the rapidity of circulation. The greatest difficulty is encoun- To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, ALFRED H. CRooK- FORD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators; and I do hereby declare the .following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This inventionrelates to improvements in steamgenerators, whereby important advan tages are attained, which improvement'swill be hereinafter set forth, and finally embodied in the claims. I

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference indicate like parts in each of the several figures, Figure 1 is a side elevation of 'a boiler and my improved generator. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the main pipes of the generator. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of a crossfitting. Fig. 4 is a crosssection of a e return-bend back outlet. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the boiler and a side elevation of the sediment-drum, with a verti cal section of cross-fitting and sediment-pipe f and Fig. 6 is afront elevation of the boiler.

Among the results attained by my improvement are, first, a great saving in fuel; second, the capacity of the boiler is increased, third, equal expansion is assured; fourth, the boiler is keptperfectly clean and prevented from being blistered or burned; and, fifth, increase inthe circulation.

My improved steam-generator consists of the various parts arranged and operating as follows:

The coiled pipes. at a, placed preferably around the bottom of a boiler, ab, over the fire bridge 8, and connected with the front of the boiler at the top, below the water-line, by the pipes 0 c, and with the rear of the boiler at (Z, the. sediment-drum connected at f with said and said. pipes d (2 leading and free from' any deleterious matter contained in the water used, which in time settles 011 the boiler-plates and produces blistering and burning of the sheets, and, moreover, the sediment becoming incrusted and gases forming between the crust and plates lifts the crust and prevents the water from touching the plates, and when the comparatively cold water comes in contact with theintensely-heated plates, through the crust breaking or dissolving, an explosion occurs.

duced by my generator, the dirt or injurious substances in the water are not allowed to settle upon the sheets, but are kept in motion and removed from the boiler and pipes, leaving it perfectly clean, as will be hereinafter shown. I produce by having each of the pipes c c d (l, which communicate withthe front andrear of boiler, of less capacity than the two coiled pipes combined, a a, which communicate or connect with each of f and Figs. 1, 2, 4;, 5, and 6. The effect of fire until the water or steam ,in the said coils has generated enough power to force its way through the pipes c 0 into the boiler, moving in the direction of the least resistance, and the exit from the boiler being in the bottom at the rear, as shown, Figs. land 5. The power that was necessary to force the water into the boiler is transmitted, and, assisted by the gravity of the water in the boiler, propels the water or steam out of the boiler at the rear into the coils a a, beneath the boiler, and in this manher a constant circulation is maintained.

The pipes d d, Figs. 1 and 5, leading from the rear of the boiler, are each met at f, Figs.

e, and pipes f f, coiled pipes a a,

from rear of boiler, and also with the sediment-drum c, all substantially as shown. The

' In consequence of the rapid circulation pro- The increased rapidity of circulation.

teredby engineers in keeping the boiler clean said pipes 0 0d d, as'at I this is to hold the water in the coils over the drum arefilled. As

.from front to rear of the boiler,

as in Fig. 5. The coil-pipes a a may be horizontal at the rear of the boiler, and each of less diameter than each of the pipes d d and f f.

In consequence of the rapid circulation, the dirt in the water is not allowed to settle, but is held in suspension. The circulation being as indicated by the arrows on Fig. 2, the muddy water flows out of boiler through the pipes d d, and, meeting the three pipes at a f, Fig. 5, flows into the vertical pipes f'f, and thence into the sediment-drum' 6 until all are filled, and the water is then diverted into the coilpipes a a, and continues to flow into these coil-pipes (already referred to) so long as the sediment pipes and the muddy water flows fromthe boiler through the pipes d d, and. is diverted into the coil-pipes a a, it passes over the mouth of the sediment-pipe f, and the mud or dirt held in the water is precipitated .by gravity through the pipe f into the sedimentdrum e. As the water passes over the sediment-pipe many times during the day,

the greater part, if not all, of the dirt in the water is deposited in the sediment-drum, and the boiler and pipes kept perfectly clean. When it is necessary to clean the sedimentdrum, I provide a blow-off, 1', Figs. 1 and 5, of suitable size, placed in the head of the sediment-drum e at the bottom, as shown, and, as a further convenience, the above-mentioned head of sedimentdrum may be fitted and- 'bolted to the end of said drum after the manner of an ordinary gland and stuffing-box, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5. The head of drum may project beyond the brick-work of the furnace, so as to be accessible. Another advantage derived from the rapidity of circulation is that the heat is equalized throughout the boiler and pipes, thus preventing unequal expansion.

In order to'protect the sediment drum and conductors from the heat of the fire, I employ a fire-tile, as j in Fig. 1, attached in a suitable manner.

February, 1883.

The coil-pipes a a may rest upon an iron brace, 70, Fig. 6, placed preferably behind the fire-bridge s, and conforming to the contour of said coil-pipes, the ends of said brace being bricked up in the walls around the boiler. The use of but two pipes entering the front and rear of boiler insures greater strength than when more are used. It will be understood that these improvements are equally applicable to all kinds of stationary, marine, or 10- comotive boilers, as tubular, flue, plain cylinder, and combined tubular and fiue boilers. The boiler is fed in the usual manner.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and wish to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with a boiler (as b) of a steam-generator consisting of coiled pipes (as a) placed under the boiler or below the crown-sheet and over the fire, and connected with the front of boiler at the top and the rear of boiler at the bottom by pipes (as c d) of greater diameters than the said coiled pipes, all substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a boiler, of a steamgenerator consisting of coiled pipes placed under'the boiler and over the fire, and connected with the front of the boiler at the top and the rear of the boiler at the bottom by pipes of greater diameter than the said coiled pipes, and a sediment drum or receptacle (as e) having a removable head (as e) and a blow-off (as i) in the same, and sediment-conductors, (as f,) all as set forth.

3. The combination, with a steam-generator, of a sediment or dirt receptacle, (as 0', )connected with said generator by one or more sedimentconductors, (as f, said conductors meeting said generator forming a cross-fitting, (as f Fig. 3,) and the head of the sediment-receptacle being removable, and having a blow-off (as i) in the same, all substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing IT have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of A. H. QROCKFORD.

WVitnesses:

OLIVER DRAKE, F. F. CAMPBELL. 

